Edit

Fields

---

About

Field types define how the admin can manipulate an entry's values. They're used by the Create and Update operations.

Think of the field type as the type of input: <input type="text" />. But for most entities, you won't just need text inputs - you'll need datepickers, upload buttons, 1-n relationship, n-n relationships, textareas, etc.

We have a lot of default field types, detailed below. If you don't find what you're looking for, you can create a custom field type. Or if you just want to tweak a default field type a little bit, you can overwrite default field types.

NOTE: If the field name is the exact same as a relation method in the model, Backpack will assume you're adding a field for that relationship and infer relation attributes from it. To disable this behaviour, you can use 'entity' => false in your field definition.

Fields API

To manipulate fields, you can use the methods below. The action will be performed on the currently running operation. So make sure you run these methods inside setupCreateOperation(), setupUpdateOperation() or in setup() inside operation blocks:

// to add a field with this name
CRUD::field('price');

 // or directly with the type attribute on it
CRUD::field('price')->type('number');

// or set multiple attributes in one go
CRUD::field([
    'name' => 'price',
    'type' => 'number',
]);

// to change an attribute on a field, you can target it at any point
CRUD::field('price')->prefix('$');

// to move fields before or after other fields
CRUD::field('price')->before('name');
CRUD::field('price')->after('name');

// to remove a field from both operations
CRUD::field('name')->remove();

// to perform bulk actions
CRUD::removeAllFields();
CRUD::addFields([$field_definition_array_1, $field_definition_array_2]);

Field Attributes

Mandatory Field Attributes

The only attribute that's mandatory when you define a field is its name, which will be used:

• inside the inputs, as <input name='your_db_column' />;
• to store the information in the database, so your name should correspond to a database column (if the field type doesn't have different instructions);

This also means the name attribute is UNIQUE. You cannot add multiple fields with the same name - because if more inputs are added with the same name in an HTML form... only the last input will actually be submitted. That's just how HTML forms work.

Recommended Field Attributes

Usually developers define the following attributes for all fields:

• the name of the column in the database (ex: "title")
• the human-readable label for the input (ex: "Title")
• the type of the input (ex: "text")

So at minimum, a field definition array usually looks like:

CRUD::field([
    'name'  => 'description',
    'label' => 'Article Description',
    'type'  => 'textarea',
]);

Please note that label and type are not mandatory, just recommended:

• label can be omitted, and Backpack will try to construct it from the name;
• type can be omitted, and Backpack will try to guess it from the database column type, or if there's a relationship on the Model with the same name;

Optional - Field Attributes for Presentation Purposes

There are a few optional attributes on most default field types, that you can use to easily achieve a few common customisations:

[
    'prefix'     => '',
    'suffix'     => '',
    'default'    => 'some value', // set a default value
    'hint'       => 'Some hint text', // helpful text, shows up after the input
    'attributes' => [
       'placeholder' => 'Some text when empty',
       'class'       => 'form-control some-class',
       'readonly'    => 'readonly',
       'disabled'    => 'disabled',
     ], // change the HTML attributes of your input
     'wrapper'   => [
        'class'      => 'form-group col-md-12'
     ], // change the HTML attributes for the field wrapper - mostly for resizing fields
]

These will help you:

• prefix - add a text or icon before the actual input;
• suffix - add a text or icon after the actual input;
• default - specify a default value for the input, on create;
• hint - add descriptive text for this input;
• attributes - change or add actual HTML attributes of the input (ex: readonly, disabled, class, placeholder, etc);
• wrapper - change or add actual HTML attributes to the div that contains the input;

Optional but Recommended - Field Attributes for Accessibility

By default, field labels are not directly associated with input fields. To improve the accessibility of CRUD fields for screen readers and other assistive technologies (ensuring that a user entering a field will be informed of the name of the field), you can use the aria-label attribute:

CRUD::field([
    'name'  => 'email',
    'label' => 'Email Address',
    'type'  => 'email',
    'attributes' => [
        'aria-label' => 'Email Address',
    ],
]);

In most cases, the aria-label will be the same as the label but there may be times when it is helpful to provide more context to the user. For example, the field hint text appears after the field itself and therefore a screen reader user will not encounter the hint until they leave the field. You might therefore want to provide a more descriptive aria-label, for example:

CRUD::field([
    'name'       => 'age',
    'label'      => 'Age',
    'type'       => 'number',
    'hint'       => 'Enter the exact age of the participant (as a decimal, e.g. 2.5)',
    'attributes' => [
        'step' => 'any',
        'aria-label' => 'Participant Age (as a decimal number)',
    ],
]);

Optional - Fake Field Attributes (stores fake attributes as JSON in the database)

In case you want to store information for an entry that doesn't need a separate database column, you can add any number of Fake Fields, and their information will be stored inside a column in the db, as JSON. By default, an extras column is used and assumed on the database table, but you can change that.

Step 1. Use the fake attribute on your field:

CRUD::field([
    'name'     => 'name', // JSON variable name
    'label'    => "Tag Name", // human-readable label for the input

    'fake'     => true, // show the field, but don't store it in the database column above
    'store_in' => 'extras' // [optional] the database column name where you want the fake fields to ACTUALLY be stored as a JSON array
]);

Step 2. On your model, make sure the db columns where you store the JSONs (by default only extras):

• are in your $fillable property;
• are on a new $fakeColumns property (create it now);
• are cast as array in $casts;

If you need your fakes to also be translatable, remember to also place extras in your model's $translatable property and remove it from $casts.

Example:

CRUD::field([
    'name'     => 'meta_title',
    'label'    => "Meta Title",
    'fake'     => true,
    'store_in' => 'metas' // [optional]
]);
CRUD::field([
    'name'     => 'meta_description',
    'label'    => "Meta Description",
    'fake'     => true,
    'store_in' => 'metas' // [optional]
]);
CRUD::field([
    'name'     => 'meta_keywords',
    'label'    => "Meta Keywords",
    'fake'     => true,
    'store_in' => 'metas' // [optional]
]);

In this example, these 3 fields will show up in the create & update forms, the CRUD will process as usual, but in the database these values won't be stored in the meta_title, meta_description and meta_keywords columns. They will be stored in the metas column as a JSON array:

{"meta_title":"title","meta_description":"desc","meta_keywords":"keywords"}

If the store_in attribute wasn't used, they would have been stored in the extras column.

Optional - Tab Attribute Splits Forms into Tabs

You can now split your create/edit inputs into multiple tabs.

To use this feature, specify the tab name for each of your fields. For example:

CRUD::field('price')->tab('Tab name here');

If you don't specify a tab name for a field, then Backpack will place it above all of the tabs, for example:

CRUD::field('product');
CRUD::field('description')->tab('Information');
CRUD::field('price')->tab('Prices');

Optional - Attributes for Fields Containing Related Entries

When a field works with related entities (relationships like BelongsTo, HasOne, HasMany, BelongsToMany, etc), Backpack needs to know how the current model (being create/edited) and the other model (that shows up in the field) are related. And it stores that information in a few additional field attributes, right after you add the field.

Normally, Backpack will guess all this relationship information for you. If you have your relationships properly defined in your Models, you can just use a relationship field the same way you would a normal field. Pretend that the method in your Model that defines your relationship is a real column, and Backpack will do all the work for you.

But if you want to overwrite any of the relationship attributes Backpack guesses, here they are:

• entity - points to the method on the model that contains the relationship; having this defined, Backpack will try to guess from it all other field attributes; ex: category or tags;
• model - the classname (including namespace) of the related model (ex: App\Models\Category); usually deduced from the relationship function in the model;
• attribute - the attribute on the related model (aka foreign attribute) that will be show to the user; for example, you wouldn't want a dropdown of categories showing IDs - no, you'd want to show the category names; in this case, the attribute will be name; usually deduced using the identifiable attribute functionality explained below;
• multiple - boolean, allows the user to pick one or multiple items; usually deduced depending on whether it's a 1-to-n or n-n relationship;
• pivot - boolean, instructs Backpack to store the information inside a pivot table; usually deduced depending on whether it's a 1-to-n or n-n relationship;
• relation_type - text, deduced from entity; not a good idea to overwrite;

If you do need a field that contains relationships to behave a certain way, it's usually enough to just specify a different entity. However, you can specify any of the attributes above, and Backpack will take your value for it, instead of trying to guess one.

Identifiable Attribute for Relationship Fields

Fields that work with relationships will allow you to select which attribute on the related entry you want to show to the user. All relationship fields (relationship, select, select2, select_multiple, select2_multiple, select2_from_ajax, select2_from_ajax_multiple) let you define the attribute for this specific purpose.

For example, when the admin creates an Article they'll have to select a Category from a dropdown. It's important to show an attribute for Category that will help the admin easily identify the category, even if it's not the ID. In this example, it would probably be the category name - that's what you'd like the dropdown to show.

In Backpack, you can explicitly define this, by giving the field an attribute. But you can also NOT explicitly define this - Backpack will try to guess it. If you don't like what Backpack guessed would be a good identifiable attribute, you can either:

• (A) explicitly define an attribute for that field

Note: If the attribute you want to show is an acessor in Model, you need to add it to the $appends property of the said Model. https://laravel.com/docs/10.x/eloquent-serialization#appending-values-to-json

• (B) you can specify the identifiable attribute in your model, and all fields will pick this up:

use Backpack\CRUD\app\Models\Traits\CrudTrait;

class Category
{
    use CrudTrait;

    // you can define this

    /**
     * Attribute shown on the element to identify this model.
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $identifiableAttribute = 'title';

    // or for more complicated use cases you can do

    /**
     * Get the attribute shown on the element to identify this model.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function identifiableAttribute()
    {
        // process stuff here
        return 'whatever_you_want_even_an_accessor';
    }
}

FREE Field Types

checkbox

Checkbox for true/false.

CRUD::field([   // Checkbox
    'name'  => 'active',
    'label' => 'Active',
    'type'  => 'checkbox'
]);

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---

checklist

Show a list of checkboxes, for the user to check one or more of them.

CRUD::field([   // Checklist
    'label'     => 'Roles',
    'type'      => 'checklist',
    'name'      => 'roles',
    'entity'    => 'roles',
    'attribute' => 'name',
    'model'     => "Backpack\PermissionManager\app\Models\Role",
    'pivot'     => true,
    // 'number_of_columns' => 3,
]);

Note: If you don't use a pivot table (pivot = false), you need to cast your db column as array in your model,by adding your column to your model's $casts.

Input preview:

---

checklist_dependency

CRUD::field([   // two interconnected entities
    'label'             => 'User Role Permissions',
    'field_unique_name' => 'user_role_permission',
    'type'              => 'checklist_dependency',
    'name'              => 'roles,permissions', // the methods that define the relationship in your Models
    'subfields'         => [
        'primary' => [
            'label'            => 'Roles',
            'name'             => 'roles', // the method that defines the relationship in your Model
            'entity'           => 'roles', // the method that defines the relationship in your Model
            'entity_secondary' => 'permissions', // the method that defines the relationship in your Model
            'attribute'        => 'name', // foreign key attribute that is shown to user
            'model'            => "Backpack\PermissionManager\app\Models\Role", // foreign key model
            'pivot'            => true, // on create&update, do you need to add/delete pivot table entries?]
            'number_columns'   => 3, //can be 1,2,3,4,6
        ],
        'secondary' => [
            'label'          => 'Permission',
            'name'           => 'permissions', // the method that defines the relationship in your Model
            'entity'         => 'permissions', // the method that defines the relationship in your Model
            'entity_primary' => 'roles', // the method that defines the relationship in your Model
            'attribute'      => 'name', // foreign key attribute that is shown to user
            'model'          => "Backpack\PermissionManager\app\Models\Permission", // foreign key model
            'pivot'          => true, // on create&update, do you need to add/delete pivot table entries?]
            'number_columns' => 3, //can be 1,2,3,4,6
        ],
    ],
]);

Input preview:

---

color

CRUD::field([   // Color
    'name'    => 'background_color',
    'label'   => 'Background Color',
    'type'    => 'color',
    'default' => '#000000',
]);

Input preview:

---

custom_html

Allows you to insert custom HTML in the create/update forms. Usually used in forms with a lot of fields, to separate them using h1-h5, hr, etc, but can be used for any HTML.

CRUD::field([   // CustomHTML
    'name'  => 'separator',
    'type'  => 'custom_html',
    'value' => '<hr>'
]);

NOTE If you would like to disable the wrapper on this field, eg. when using a <fieldset> tag in your custom html, you can achieve it by using wrapper => false on field definition.

date

CRUD::field([   // Date
    'name'  => 'birthday',
    'label' => 'Birthday',
    'type'  => 'date'
]);

Input preview:

---

datetime

CRUD::field([   // DateTime
    'name'  => 'start',
    'label' => 'Event start',
    'type'  => 'datetime'
]);

Please note: if you're using datetime attribute casting on your model, you also need to place this mutator inside your model:

    public function setDatetimeAttribute($value) {
        $this->attributes['datetime'] = \Carbon\Carbon::parse($value);
    }

Otherwise the input's datetime-local format will cause some errors.

Input preview:

---

email

CRUD::field([   // Email
    'name'  => 'email',
    'label' => 'Email Address',
    'type'  => 'email'
]);

Input preview:

---

enum

Show a select with the values for an ENUM database column, or an PHP enum (introduced in PHP 8.1).

Database ENUM

When used with a database enum it requires that the database column type is enum. In case it's nullable it will also show - (empty) option.

PLEASE NOTE the enum field using database enums only works for MySQL.

CRUD::field([
    'name'  => 'status',
    'label' => 'Status',
    'type'  => 'enum',
    // optional, specify the enum options with custom display values
    'options' => [
        'DRAFT' => 'Is Draft',
        'PUBLISHED' => 'Is Published'
    ]
]);

PHP enum

If you are using a BackedEnum your best option is to cast it in your model, and Backpack know how to handle it without aditional configuration.

// in your model (eg. Article)

protected $casts = ['status' => \App\Enums\StatusEnum::class]; //assumes you have this enum created

// and in your controller
CRUD::field([
    'name'  => 'status',
    'label' => 'Status',
    'type'  => 'enum'
    // optional
    //'enum_class' => 'App\Enums\StatusEnum',
    //'enum_function' => 'readableStatus',
]);

In case it's not a BackedEnum or you don't want to cast it in your Model, you should provide the enum class to the field:

CRUD::field([
    'name'  => 'status',
    'label' => 'Status',
    'type'  => 'enum',
    'enum_class' => \App\Enums\StatusEnum::class
]);

Input preview:

---

hidden

Include an <input type="hidden"> in the form.

CRUD::field([   // Hidden
    'name'  => 'status',
    'type'  => 'hidden',
    'value' => 'active',
]);

---

month

Include an <input type="month"> in the form.

Important: This input type is supported by most modern browsers, but not all. See compatibility table here. We have a workaround below.

CRUD::field([   // Month
    'name'  => 'month',
    'label' => 'Month',
    'type'  => 'month'
]);

Input preview:

Workaround

Since not all browsers support this input type, if you are using Backpack PRO you can customize the date_picker field to have a similar behavior:

CRUD::field([
    'name'  => 'month',
    'type'  => 'date_picker',
    'date_picker_options' => [
        'format'   => 'yyyy-mm',
        'minViewMode' => 'months'
    ],
]);

Important: you should be using a date/datetime column as database column type if using date_picker.

---

number

Shows an input type=number to the user, with optional prefix and suffix:

CRUD::field([   // Number
    'name' => 'number',
    'label' => 'Number',
    'type' => 'number',

    // optionals
    // 'attributes' => ["step" => "any"], // allow decimals
    // 'prefix'     => "$",
    // 'suffix'     => ".00",
]);

Input preview:

---

password

CRUD::field([   // Password
    'name'  => 'password',
    'label' => 'Password',
    'type'  => 'password'
]);

Input preview:

Please note that this will NOT hash/encrypt the string before it stores it to the database. You need to hash the password manually. The most popular way to do that are:

1. Using a mutator on your Model. For example:

public function setPasswordAttribute($value) {
    $this->attributes['password'] = Hash::make($value);
}

2. By overwriting the Create/Update operation methods, inside the Controller. There's a working example in our PermissionManager package but the gist of it is this:

    use \Backpack\CRUD\app\Http\Controllers\Operations\CreateOperation { store as traitStore; }

    public function store()
    {
        CRUD::setRequest(CRUD::validateRequest());

        /** @var \Illuminate\Http\Request $request */
        $request = CRUD::getRequest();

        // Encrypt password if specified.
        if ($request->input('password')) {
            $request->request->set('password', Hash::make($request->input('password')));
        } else {
            $request->request->remove('password');
        }

        CRUD::setRequest($request);
        CRUD::unsetValidation(); // Validation has already been run

        return $this->traitStore();
    }

---

radio

Show radios according to an associative array you give the input and let the user pick from them. You can choose for the radio options to be displayed inline or one-per-line.

CRUD::field([   // radio
    'name'        => 'status', // the name of the db column
    'label'       => 'Status', // the input label
    'type'        => 'radio',
    'options'     => [
        // the key will be stored in the db, the value will be shown as label;
        0 => "Draft",
        1 => "Published"
    ],
    // optional
    //'inline'      => false, // show the radios all on the same line?
]);

Input preview:

---

range

Shows an HTML5 range element, allowing the user to drag a cursor left-right, to pick a number from a defined range.

CRUD::field([   // Range
    'name'  => 'range',
    'label' => 'Range',
    'type'  => 'range',
    //optional
    'attributes' => [
        'min' => 0,
        'max' => 10,
    ],
]);

Input preview:

---

select (1-n relationship)

Show a Select with the names of the connected entity and let the user select one of them. Your relationships should already be defined on your models as hasOne() or belongsTo().

CRUD::field([  // Select
   'label'     => "Category",
   'type'      => 'select',
   'name'      => 'category_id', // the db column for the foreign key

   // optional
   // 'entity' should point to the method that defines the relationship in your Model
   // defining entity will make Backpack guess 'model' and 'attribute'
   'entity'    => 'category',

   // optional - manually specify the related model and attribute
   'model'     => "App\Models\Category", // related model
   'attribute' => 'name', // foreign key attribute that is shown to user

   // optional - force the related options to be a custom query, instead of all();
   'options'   => (function ($query) {
        return $query->orderBy('name', 'ASC')->where('depth', 1)->get();
    }), //  you can use this to filter the results show in the select
]);

For more information about the optional attributes that fields use when they interact with related entries - look here.

Input preview:

---

select_grouped

Display a select where the options are grouped by a second entity (like Categories).

CRUD::field([   // select_grouped
    'label'     => 'Articles grouped by categories',
    'type'      => 'select_grouped', //https://github.com/Laravel-Backpack/CRUD/issues/502
    'name'      => 'article_id',
    'entity'    => 'article',
    'attribute' => 'title',
    'group_by'  => 'category', // the relationship to entity you want to use for grouping
    'group_by_attribute' => 'name', // the attribute on related model, that you want shown
    'group_by_relationship_back' => 'articles', // relationship from related model back to this model
]);

For more information about the optional attributes that fields use when they interact with related entries - look here.

Input preview:

---

select_multiple (n-n relationship)

Show a Select with the names of the connected entity and let the user select any number of them. Your relationship should already be defined on your models as belongsToMany().

CRUD::field([   // SelectMultiple = n-n relationship (with pivot table)
    'label'     => "Tags",
    'type'      => 'select_multiple',
    'name'      => 'tags', // the method that defines the relationship in your Model

    // optional
    'entity'    => 'tags', // the method that defines the relationship in your Model
    'model'     => "App\Models\Tag", // foreign key model
    'attribute' => 'name', // foreign key attribute that is shown to user
    'pivot'     => true, // on create&update, do you need to add/delete pivot table entries?

    // also optional
    'options'   => (function ($query) {
        return $query->orderBy('name', 'ASC')->where('depth', 1)->get();
    }), // force the related options to be a custom query, instead of all(); you can use this to filter the results show in the select
]);

For more information about the optional attributes that fields use when they interact with related entries - look here.

Input preview:

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select_from_array

Display a select with the values you want:

CRUD::field([   // select_from_array
    'name'        => 'template',
    'label'       => "Template",
    'type'        => 'select_from_array',
    'options'     => ['one' => 'One', 'two' => 'Two'],
    'allows_null' => false,
    'default'     => 'one',
    // 'allows_multiple' => true, // OPTIONAL; needs you to cast this to array in your model;
]);

Input preview:

---

summernote

Show a Summernote wysiwyg editor to the user.

CRUD::field([   // Summernote
    'name'  => 'description',
    'label' => 'Description',
    'type'  => 'summernote',
    'options' => [],
]);

// the summernote field works with the default configuration options but allow developer to configure to his needs
// optional configuration check https://summernote.org/deep-dive/ for a list of available configs
CRUD::field([
    'name'  => 'description',
    'label' => 'Description',
    'type'  => 'summernote',
    'options' => [
        'toolbar' => [
            ['font', ['bold', 'underline', 'italic']]
        ]
    ],
]);

NOTE: Summernote does NOT sanitize the input. If you do not trust the users of this field, you should sanitize the input or output using something like HTML Purifier. Personally we like to use install mewebstudio/Purifier and add an accessor or mutator on the Model, so that wherever the model is created from (admin panel or app), the output will always be clean. Example here.

Input preview:

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switch

Show a switch (aka toggle) for boolean attributes (true/false). It's an alternative to the checkbox field type - prettier and more customizable: it allows the dev to choose the background color and what shows up on the on/off sides of the switch.

CRUD::field([   // Switch
    'name'  => 'switch',
    'type'  => 'switch',
    'label'    => 'I have not read the terms and conditions and I never will',

    // optional
    'color'    => 'primary', // May be any bootstrap color class or an hex color
    'onLabel' => '✓',
    'offLabel' => '✕',
]);

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text

The basic field type, all it needs is the two mandatory parameters: name and label.

CRUD::field([   // Text
    'name'  => 'title',
    'label' => "Title",
    'type'  => 'text',

    // OPTIONAL
    //'prefix'     => '',
    //'suffix'     => '',
    //'default'    => 'some value', // default value
    //'hint'       => 'Some hint text', // helpful text, show up after input
    //'attributes' => [
       //'placeholder' => 'Some text when empty',
       //'class' => 'form-control some-class',
       //'readonly'  => 'readonly',
       //'disabled'  => 'disabled',
     //], // extra HTML attributes and values your input might need
     //'wrapper'   => [
       //'class' => 'form-group col-md-12'
     //], // extra HTML attributes for the field wrapper - mostly for resizing fields
]);

You can use the optional 'prefix' and 'suffix' attributes to display something before and after the input, like icons, path prefix, etc:

Input preview:

---

textarea

Show a textarea to the user.

CRUD::field([   // Textarea
    'name'  => 'description',
    'label' => 'Description',
    'type'  => 'textarea'
]);

Input preview:

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time

CRUD::field([   // Time
    'name'  => 'start',
    'label' => 'Start time',
    'type'  => 'time'
]);

---

upload

Step 1. Show a file input to the user:

CRUD::field([   // Upload
    'name'      => 'image',
    'label'     => 'Image',
    'type'      => 'upload',
]);

Step 2. Choose how to handle the file upload process. Starting v6, you have two options:

• Option 1. Let Backpack handle the upload process for you. This is by far the most convenient option, because it's the easiest to implement and fully customizable. All you have to do is add the withFiles => true attribute to your field definition:

  CRUD::field([   // Upload
  'name'      => 'image',
  'label'     => 'Image',
  'type'      => 'upload',
  'withFiles' => true
  ]);

  To know more about the withFiles, how it works and how to configure it, click here to read the documentation .

• Option 2. Handle the upload process yourself. This is what happened in v5, so if you want to handle the upload by yourself you can read the v5 upload docs here.

Upload Field Validation

You can use standard Laravel validation rules. But we've also made it easy for you to validate the upload fields, using a Custom Validation Rule. The ValidUpload validation rule allows you to define two sets of rules:

• ::field() - the field rules (independent of the file content);
• ->file() - rules that apply to the sent file;

This helps you avoid most quirks when validating file uploads using Laravel's validation rules.

use Backpack\CRUD\app\Library\Validation\Rules\ValidUpload;

'image' => ValidUpload::field('required')
                ->file('file|mimes:jpeg,png,jpg,gif,svg|max:2048'),

Input preview:

---

upload_multiple

Shows a multiple file input to the user and stores the values as a JSON array in the database.

Step 0. Make sure the db column can hold the amount of text this field will have. For example, for MySQL, VARCHAR(255) might not be enough all the time (for 3+ files), so it's better to go with TEXT. Make sure you're using a big column type in your migration or db.

Step 1. Show a multiple file input to the user:

CRUD::field([
    'name'      => 'photos',
    'label'     => 'Photos',
    'type'      => 'upload_multiple',
]);

Step 2. Choose how to handle the file upload process. Starting v6, you have two options:

• Option 1. Let Backpack handle the upload process for you. This is by far the most convenient option, because it's the easiest to implement and fully customizable. All you have to do is add the withFiles => true attribute to your field definition:

  CRUD::field([
  'name'      => 'photos',
  'label'     => 'Photos',
  'type'      => 'upload_multiple',
  'withFiles' => true
  ]);

  To know more about the withFiles, how it works and how to configure it, click here to read the documentation .

• Option 2. Handle the upload process yourself. This is what happened in v5, so if you want to handle the upload by yourself you can read the v5 upload docs here.

Validation

You can use standard Laravel validation rules. But we've also made it easy for you to validate the upload fields, using a Custom Validation Rule. The ValidUploadMultiple validation rule allows you to define two sets of rules:

• ::field() - the input rules, independant of the content;
• file() - rules that apply to each file that gets sent;

This will help you avoid most quirks of using Laravel's standard validation rules alone.

use Backpack\CRUD\app\Library\Validation\Rules\ValidUploadMultiple;

'photos' => ValidUploadMultiple::field('required|min:2|max:5')
                ->file('file|mimes:jpeg,png,jpg,gif,svg|max:2048'),

NOTE: This field uses a clear_{fieldName} input to send the deleted files from the frontend to the backend. In case you are using $guarded add it there. Eg: protected $guarded = ['id', 'clear_photos'];

Input preview:

---

url

CRUD::field([   // URL
    'name'  => 'link',
    'label' => 'Link to video file',
    'type'  => 'url'
]);

---

view

Load a custom view in the form.

CRUD::field([   // view
    'name' => 'custom-ajax-button',
    'type' => 'view',
    'view' => 'partials/custom-ajax-button'
]);

Note: the same functionality can be achieved using a custom field type, or using the custom_html field type (if the content is really simple).

NOTE If you would like to disable the wrapper on this field, you can achieve it by using wrapper => false on field definition.

---

week

Include an <input type="week"> in the form.

Important: This input type is supported by most modern browsers, not all. See compatibility table here.

CRUD::field([   // Week
    'name'  => 'first_week',
    'label' => 'First week',
    'type'  => 'week'
]);

Input preview:

PRO Field Types

address_google PRO

Use Google Places Search to help users type their address faster. With the store_as_json option, it will store the address, postcode, city, country, latitude and longitude in a JSON in the database. Without it, it will just store the complete address string.

CRUD::field([   // Address google
    'name'          => 'address',
    'label'         => 'Address',
    'type'          => 'address_google',
    // optional
    'store_as_json' => true
]);

Using Google Places API is dependent on using an API Key. Please get an API key - you do have to configure billing, but you qualify for $200/mo free usage, which covers most use cases. Then copy-paste that key as your services.google_places.key value.

So inside your config/services.php please add the items below:

'google_places' => [
    'key' => 'the-key-you-got-from-google-places'
],

Alternatively you can set the key in your field definition, but we do not recommend it:

[
    'name' => 'google_field',
    'api_key' => 'the-key-you-got-from-google-places'
]

Use attribute casting. For information stored as JSON in the database, it's recommended that you use attribute casting to array or object. That way, every time you get the info from the database you'd get it in a usable format. Also, it is heavily recommended that your database column can hold a large JSON - so use text rather than string in your migration (in MySQL this translates to text instead of varchar).

Input preview:

---

browse PRO

This button allows the admin to open elFinder and select a file from there. Run composer require backpack/filemanager && php artisan backpack:filemanager:install to install FileManager, then you can use the field:

CRUD::field([   // Browse
    'name'  => 'image',
    'label' => 'Image',
    'type'  => 'browse'
]);

Input preview:

Onclick preview:

---

browse_multiple PRO

Open elFinder and select multiple files from there. Run composer require backpack/filemanager && php artisan backpack:filemanager:install to install FileManager, then you can use the field:

CRUD::field([   // Browse multiple
    'name'          => 'files',
    'label'         => 'Files',
    'type'          => 'browse_multiple',
    // 'multiple'   => true, // enable/disable the multiple selection functionality
    // 'sortable'   => false, // enable/disable the reordering with drag&drop
    // 'mime_types' => null, // visible mime prefixes; ex. ['image'] or ['application/pdf']
]);

The field assumes you've cast your attribute as array on your model. That way, when you do $entry->files you get a nice array. NOTE: If you use multiple => false you should NOT cast your attribute as array

Input preview:

---

base64_image PRO

Upload an image and store it in the database as Base64. Notes:

• make sure the column type is LONGBLOB;
• detailed instructions and customisations here;

// base64_image
CRUD::field([
    'label'        => "Profile Image",
    'name'         => "image",
    'filename'     => "image_filename", // set to null if not needed
    'type'         => 'base64_image',
    'aspect_ratio' => 1, // set to 0 to allow any aspect ratio
    'crop'         => true, // set to true to allow cropping, false to disable
    'src'          => NULL, // null to read straight from DB, otherwise set to model accessor function
]);

Input preview:

---

ckeditor PRO

Show a wysiwyg CKEditor to the user.

CRUD::field([   // CKEditor
    'name'          => 'description',
    'label'         => 'Description',
    'type'          => 'ckeditor',

    // optional:
    'extra_plugins' => ['oembed', 'widget'],
    'options'       => [
        'autoGrow_minHeight'   => 200,
        'autoGrow_bottomSpace' => 50,
        'removePlugins'        => 'resize,maximize',
    ]
]);

If you'd like to be able to select files from elFinder, you need to also run composer require backpack/filemanager to install elFinder.

To add more plugins to CKEditor follow the guide here

Input preview:

---

date_range PRO

Show a DateRangePicker and let the user choose a start date and end date.

CRUD::field([   // date_range
    'name'  => 'start_date,end_date', // db columns for start_date & end_date
    'label' => 'Event Date Range',
    'type'  => 'date_range',

    // OPTIONALS
    // default values for start_date & end_date
    'default'            => ['2019-03-28 01:01', '2019-04-05 02:00'],
    // options sent to daterangepicker.js
    'date_range_options' => [
        'drops' => 'down', // can be one of [down/up/auto]
        'timePicker' => true,
        'locale' => ['format' => 'DD/MM/YYYY HH:mm']
    ]
]);

Please note it is recommended that you use attribute casting on your model (cast to date).

Your end result will look like this:

Input preview:

---

date_picker PRO

Show a pretty Bootstrap Datepicker.

CRUD::field([   // date_picker
   'name'  => 'date',
   'type'  => 'date_picker',
   'label' => 'Date',

   // optional:
   'date_picker_options' => [
      'todayBtn' => 'linked',
      'format'   => 'dd-mm-yyyy',
      'language' => 'fr'
   ],
]);

Please note it is recommended that you use attribute casting on your model (cast to date).

Input preview:

---

datetime_picker PRO

Show a Bootstrap Datetime Picker.

CRUD::field([   // DateTime
    'name'  => 'start',
    'label' => 'Event start',
    'type'  => 'datetime_picker',

    // optional:
    'datetime_picker_options' => [
        'format' => 'DD/MM/YYYY HH:mm',
        'language' => 'pt',
        'tooltips' => [ //use this to translate the tooltips in the field
                'today' => 'Hoje',
                'selectDate' => 'Selecione a data',
                // available tooltips: today, clear, close, selectMonth, prevMonth, nextMonth, selectYear, prevYear, nextYear, selectDecade, prevDecade, nextDecade, prevCentury, nextCentury, pickHour, incrementHour, decrementHour, pickMinute, incrementMinute, decrementMinute, pickSecond, incrementSecond, decrementSecond, togglePeriod, selectTime, selectDate
        ]
    ],
    'allows_null' => true,
    // 'default' => '2017-05-12 11:59:59',
]);

Please note: if you're using date attribute casting on your model, you may also need to place this mutator inside your model:

    public function setDatetimeAttribute($value) {
        $this->attributes['datetime'] = \Carbon\Carbon::parse($value);
    }

Otherwise the input's datetime-local format will cause some errors. Remember to change "datetime" with the name of your attribute (column name).

Input preview:

---

dropzone PRO

Show a Dropzone JS Input.

Step 0. Make sure the model attribute can hold all the information needed. Ideally, your model should cast this attribute as array and your migration should make the db column either TEXT or JSON. Other db column types such as VARCHAR(255) might not be enough all the time (for 3+ files).

Step 1: Add the DropzoneOperation to your CrudController

class UserCrudController extends CrudController
{
    // ... other operations
    use \Backpack\Pro\Http\Controllers\Operations\DropzoneOperation;
}

Step 2: Add the field in CrudController

CRUD::field([
    'name'  => 'photos',
    'label' => 'Photos',
    'type'  => 'dropzone',

    // optional configuration.
    // check available options in https://docs.dropzone.dev/configuration/basics/configuration-options
    // 'configuration' => [
    //     'parallelUploads' => 2,
    // ]
]);

Step 3: Configure the file upload process.

At this point you have the dropzone field showing up, and the ajax routes setup to upload/delete files, but the process is not complete. Your files are now only uploaded to the temporary folder, they need to be moved to the permanent location and their paths stored in the database. The easiest way to do that is to add withFiles => true to your field definition, this will use the standard AjaxUploader that Backpack provides:

CRUD::field([
    'name'  => 'photos',
    'label' => 'Photos',
    'type'  => 'dropzone',
    'withFiles' => true,
]);

Alternatively, you can manually implement the saving process yourself using model events, mutators or any other solution that suits you. To know more about the withFiles, how it works and how to configure it, read its documentation.

Step 4: Configure validation. Yes you can do some basic validation in Javascript, but we highly advise you prioritize server-side validation. To make validation easy we created ValidDropzone validation rule. It allows you to define two set of rules:

• ::field() - the field rules (independent of the file content);
• ->file() - rules that apply to the sent files;

use Backpack\Pro\Uploads\Validation\ValidDropzone;

'photos' => ValidDropzone::field('required|min:2|max:5')
                ->file('file|mimes:jpeg,png,jpg,gif,svg|max:2048'),

Step 5: (optional) Configure the temp directory. Whenever new files are uploaded using the Dropzone operation, old files are automatically deleted from the temp directory. But you can also manually clean the temp directory. For more info and temp directory configuration options, see this link.

Input preview:

---

easymde PRO

Show an EasyMDE - Markdown Editor to the user. EasyMDE is a well-maintained fork of SimpleMDE.

CRUD::field([   // easymde
    'name'  => 'description',
    'label' => 'Description',
    'type'  => 'easymde',
    // optional
    // 'easymdeAttributes' => [
    //   'promptURLs'   => true,
    //   'status'       => false,
    //   'spellChecker' => false,
    //   'forceSync'    => true,
    // ],
    // 'easymdeAttributesRaw' => $some_json
]);

NOTE: The contents displayed in this editor are NOT stripped, sanitized or escaped by default. Whenever you store Markdown or HTML inside your database, it's HIGHLY recommended that you sanitize the input or output. Laravel makes it super-easy to do that on the model using accessors. If you do NOT trust the admins who have access to this field (or end-users can also store information to this db column), please make sure this attribute is always escaped, before it's shown. You can do that by running the value through strip_tags() in an accessor on the model (here's an example) or better yet, using an HTML Purifier package (here's an example).

Input preview:

---

google_map PRO

Shows a map and allows the user to navigate and select a position on that map (using the Google Places API). The field stores the latitude, longitude and the address string as a JSON in the database ( eg. {lat: 123, lng: 456, formatted_address: 'Lisbon, Portugal'}). If you want to save the info in separate db columns, continue reading below.

CRUD::field([
    'name' => 'location',
    'type' => 'google_map',
    // optionals
    'map_options' => [
        'default_lat' => 123,
        'default_lng' => 456,
        'locate' => false, // when false, only a map is displayed. No value for submition.
        'height' => 400 // in pixels
    ]
]);

Using Google Places API is dependent on using an API Key. Please get an API key - you do have to configure billing, but you qualify for $200/mo free usage, which covers most use cases. Then copy-paste that key as your services.google_places.key value. So inside your config/services.php please add the items below:

'google_places' => [
    'key' => 'the-key-you-got-from-google-places'
],

How to save in multiple inputs?

There are cases where you rather save the information on separate inputs in the database. In that scenario you should use Laravel mutators and accessors. Using the same field as previously shown (field name is location), and having latitude, longitude, full_address as the database columns, we can save and retrieve them separately too:

//add all the fields to model fillable property, including the one that we are not going to save (location in the example)
$fillable = ['location', 'latitude', 'longitude', 'full_address'];

//
protected function location(): \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Casts\Attribute
{
    return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Casts\Attribute::make(
        get: function($value, $attributes) {
            return json_encode([
            'lat' => $attributes['lat'],
            'lng' => $attributes['lng'],
            'formatted_address' => $attributes['full_address'] ?? ''
            ], JSON_HEX_TAG | JSON_HEX_APOS | JSON_HEX_AMP | JSON_HEX_QUOT | JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR);
        },
        set: function($value) {
            $location = json_decode($value);
            return [
                'lat' => $location->lat,
                'lng' => $location->lng,
                'full_address' => $location->formatted_address ?? ''
            ];
        }
    );
}

Input preview:

---

icon_picker PRO

Show an icon picker. Supported icon sets are fontawesome, glyphicon, ionicon, weathericon, mapicon, octicon, typicon, elusiveicon, materialdesign as per the jQuery plugin, bootstrap-iconpicker.

The stored value will be the class name (ex: fa-home).

CRUD::field([   // icon_picker
    'label'   => "Icon",
    'name'    => 'icon',
    'type'    => 'icon_picker',
    'iconset' => 'fontawesome' // options: fontawesome, glyphicon, ionicon, weathericon, mapicon, octicon, typicon, elusiveicon, materialdesign
]);

Your input will look like button, with a dropdown where the user can search or pick an icon:

Input preview:

---

image PRO

Upload an image and store it on the disk.

Step 1. Show the field.

// image
CRUD::field([
    'label' => 'Profile Image',
    'name' => 'image',
    'type' => 'image',
    'crop' => true, // set to true to allow cropping, false to disable
    'aspect_ratio' => 1, // omit or set to 0 to allow any aspect ratio
]);

NOTE: aspect_ratio is a float that represents the ratio of the cropping rectangle height and width. Eg: Square = 1, Landscape = 2, Portrait = 0.5. You can, of course, use any value for more extreme rectangles.

Step 2. Choose how to handle the file upload process. Starting v6, you have two options:

• Option 1. Let Backpack handle the upload process for you. This is by far the most convenient option, because it's the easiest to implement and fully customizable. All you have to do is add the withFiles => true attribute to your field definition:

  CRUD::field([
  'name' => 'image',
  'label' => 'Profile Image',
  'type' => 'image',
  'withFiles' => true
  ]);

  To know more about the withFiles, how it works and how to configure it, click here to read the documentation .

• Option 2. Handle the upload process yourself. This is what happened in v5, so if you want to handle the upload by yourself you can read the v5 upload docs here.

Input preview:

NOTE: if you are having trouble uploading big images, please check your php extensions apcu and/or opcache, users have reported some issues with these extensions when trying to upload very big images. REFS: https://github.com/Laravel-Backpack/CRUD/issues/3457

---

phone PRO

Show a telephone number input. Lets the user choose the prefix using a flag from dropdown.

CRUD::field([   // phone
    'name'  => 'phone', // db column for phone
    'label' => 'Phone',
    'type'  => 'phone',

    // OPTIONALS
    // most options provided by intlTelInput.js are supported, you can try them out using the `config` attribute;
    //  take note that options defined in `config` will override any default values from the field;
    'config' => [
        'onlyCountries' => ['bd', 'cl', 'in', 'lv', 'pt', 'ro'],
        'initialCountry' => 'cl', // this needs to be in the allowed country list, either in `onlyCountries` or NOT in `excludeCountries`
        'separateDialCode' => true,
        'nationalMode' => true,
        'autoHideDialCode' => false,
        'placeholderNumberType' => 'MOBILE',
    ]
]);

For more info about parameters please see this JS plugin's official documentation.

Your end result will look like this:

NOTE: you can validate this using Laravel's default numeric or if you want something advanced, we recommend Laravel Phone

---

relationship PRO

Shows the user a select2 input, allowing them to choose one/more entries of a related Eloquent Model. In order to work, the relationships need to be properly defined on the Model.

Input preview (for both 1-n and n-n relationships):

To achieve the above, you just need to point the field to the relationship method on your Model (eg. category, not category_id):

CRUD::field([   // relationship
    'name' => 'category', // the method on your model that defines the relationship
    'type' => "relationship",

    // OPTIONALS:
    // 'label' => "Category",
    // 'attribute' => "title", // attribute on model that is shown to user
    // 'placeholder' => "Select a category", // placeholder for the select2 input
 ]);

More more optional attributes on relationship fields look here.

Out of the box, it supports all common relationships:

• ✅ hasOne (1-1) - shows subform if you define subfields
• ✅ belongsTo (n-1) - shows a select2 (single)
• ✅ hasMany (1-n) - shows a select2_multiple OR a subform if you define subfields
• ✅ belongsToMany (n-n) - shows a select2_multiple OR a subform if you define subfields for pivot extras
• ✅ morphOne (1-1) - shows a subform if you define subfields
• ✅ morphMany (1-n) - shows a select2_multiple OR a subform if you define subfields
• ✅ morphToMany (n-n) - shows a select2_multiple OR a subform if you define subfields for pivot extras
• ✅ morphTo (n-1) - shows the _type and _id selects for morphTo relations

It does NOT support the following Eloquent relationships, since they don't make sense in this context:

• ❌ hasOneThrough (1-1-1) - it's read-only, no sense having a field for it;
• ❌ hasManyThrough (1-1-n) - it's read-only, no sense having a field for it;
• ❌ Has One Of Many (1-n turned into 1-1) - it's read-only, no sense having a field for it;
• ❌ Morph One Of Many (1-n turned into 1-1) - it's read-only, no sense having a field for it;
• ❌ morphedByMany (n-n inverse) - never needed, UI would be very difficult to understand & use at this moment.

The relationship field is a plug-and-play solution, 90% of the time it will cover all you need by just pointing it to a relationship on the model. But it also has a few optional features, that will greatly help you out in more complex use cases:

Load entries from AJAX calls - using the Fetch Operation

If your related entry has hundreds, thousands or millions of entries, it's not practical to load the options using an onpage Eloquent query, because the Create/Update page would be very slow to load. In this case, you should instruct the relationship field to fetch the entries using AJAX calls.

Step 1. Add 'ajax' => true to your relationship field definition:

CRUD::field([   // relationship
    'type' => "relationship",
    'name' => 'category', // the method on your model that defines the relationship
    'ajax' => true,

    // OPTIONALS:
    // 'label'       => "Category",
    // 'attribute'   => "name", // foreign key attribute that is shown to user (identifiable attribute)
    // 'entity'      => 'category', // the method that defines the relationship in your Model
    // 'model'       => "App\Models\Category", // foreign key Eloquent model
    // 'placeholder' => "Select a category", // placeholder for the select2 input

    // AJAX OPTIONALS:
    // 'delay'                   => 500, // the minimum amount of time between ajax requests when searching in the field
    // 'data_source'             => url("fetch/category"), // url to controller search function (with /{id} should return model)
    // 'minimum_input_length'    => 2, // minimum characters to type before querying results
    // 'dependencies'            => ['category'], // when a dependency changes, this select2 is reset to null
    // 'method'                  => 'POST', // optional - HTTP method to use for the AJAX call (GET, POST)
    // 'include_all_form_fields' => false, // optional - only send the current field through AJAX (for a smaller payload if you're not using multiple chained select2s)
 ]);

Step 2. Create the route and method that responds to the AJAX calls. Fortunately, the FetchOperation allows you to easily do just that. Inside the same CrudController where you've defined the relationship field, use the FetchOperation trait, and define a new method that will respond to AJAX queries for that entity:

    use \Backpack\CRUD\app\Http\Controllers\Operations\FetchOperation;

    public function fetchCategory()
    {
        return $this->fetch(\App\Models\Category::class);
    }

This will set up a /fetch/category route, which points to fetchCategory(), which returns the search results. For more on how this operation works (and how you can customize it), see the FetchOperation docs.

Create related entries in a modal - using the InlineCreate Operation

Works for the BelongsTo, BelongsToMany and MorphToMany relationships.

Searching with AJAX provides a great UX. But what if the user doesn't find what they're looking for? In that case, it would be useful to add a related entry on-the-fly, without leaving the main form:

If you are using the Fetch operation to get the entries, you're already halfway there. In addition to using Fetch as instructed in the section above, you should perform two additional steps:

Step 1. Add inline_create to your field definition in the current CrudController:

// for 1-n relationships (ex: category)
CRUD::field([
    'type'          => "relationship",
    'name'          => 'category',
    'ajax'          => true,
    'inline_create' => true, // <--- THIS
]);
// for n-n relationships (ex: tags)
CRUD::field([
    'type'          => "relationship",
    'name'          => 'tags', // the method on your model that defines the relationship
    'ajax'          => true,
    'inline_create' => [ 'entity' => 'tag' ]  // <--- OR THIS
]);
// in this second example, the relation is called `tags` (plural),
// but we need to define the entity as "tag" (singural)

Step 2. On the CrudController of that secondary entity (that the user will be able to create on-the-fly, eg. CategoryCrudController or TagCrudController), you'll need to enable the InlineCreate operation:

class CategoryCrudController extends CrudController
{
    use \Backpack\CRUD\app\Http\Controllers\Operations\InlineCreateOperation;

   // ...
}

This InlineCreateOperation will allow us to show the same fields that are inside the Create operation, inside a new operation InlineCreate, that is available in a modal. For more information, check out the InlineCreate Operation docs.

Remember, FetchOperation is still needed on the main crud (ex: ArticleCrudController) so that the entries are fetched by select2 using AJAX.

Save additional data to pivot table

For relationships with a pivot table (n-n relationships: BelongsToMany, MorphToMany), that contain other columns other than the foreign keys themselves, the relationship field provides a quick way for your admin to edit those "extra attributes on the pivot table". For example, if you have these database tables:

// - companies: id, name
// - company_person: company_id, person_id, job_title, job_description
// - persons: id, first_name, last_name

You might want the admin to define the job_title and job_description of a person, when creating/editing a company. So instead of this:

you might your admin to see this:

The relationship field allows you to easily do that. Here's how:

Step 1. On your models, make sure the extra database columns are defined, using withPivot():

// inside the Company model
public function people()
{
    return $this->belongsToMany(\App\Models\Person::class)
                ->withPivot('job_title', 'job_description');
}
// inside the Person model
public function companies()
{
    return $this->belongsToMany(\App\Models\Company::class)
                ->withPivot('job_title', 'job_description');
}

Step 2. Inside your relationship field definition, add subfields for those two db columns:

// Inside PersonCrudController
CRUD::field([
    'name'          => 'companies',
    'type'          => "relationship",
     // ..
    'subfields'   => [
        [
            'name' => 'job_title',
            'type' => 'text',
            'wrapper' => [
                'class' => 'form-group col-md-3',
            ],
        ],
        [
            'name' => 'job_description',
            'type' => 'text',
            'wrapper' => [
                'class' => 'form-group col-md-9',
            ],
        ],
    ],
]);

That's it. Backpack now will save those additional inputs on the pivot table.

Configuring the Pivot Select field

If you want to change something about the primary select (the pivot select field created by Backpack), you can do that using the pivotSelect attribute:

CRUD::field([
    'name'          => 'companies',
    'type'          => "relationship",
    'subfields'   => [ ... ],
     // you can use the same configurations you use in any relationship select
     // like making it an ajax, constraining the options etc.
    'pivotSelect'=> [
        // 'attribute' => "title", // attribute on model that is shown to user
        'placeholder' => 'Pick a company',
        'wrapper' => [
            'class' => 'col-md-6',
        ],
        // by default we call a $model->all(). you can configure it like in any other select
        'options' => function($model) {
            return $model->where('type', 'primary');
        },
        // note that just like any other select, enabling ajax will require you to provide an url for the field
        // to fetch available options. You can use the FetchOperation or manually create the enpoint.
        'ajax' => true,
        'data_source' => backpack_url('fetch'),
    ],
]);

Manage related entries in the same form (create, update, delete)

Sometimes for hasMany and morphMany relationships, the secondary entry cannot stand on its own. It's so dependent on the primary entry, that you don't want it to have a Create/Update form of its own - you just want it to be managed inside its parent. Let's take Invoice and InvoiceItem as an example, with the following database structure:

// - invoices: id, number, due_date, payment_status
// - invoice_items: id, order, description, unit, quantity, unit_price

Most likely, what you really want is to be able to create/update/delete InvoiceItems right inside the Invoice form:

To achieve the above, you just need to add a relationship field for your hasMany or morphMany relationship and define the subfields you want for that secondary Model:

CRUD::field([
    'name'          => 'items',
    'type'          => "relationship",
    'subfields'   => [
        [
            'name' => 'order',
            'type' => 'number',
            'wrapper' => [
                'class' => 'form-group col-md-1',
            ],
        ],
        [
            'name' => 'description',
            'type' => 'text',
            'wrapper' => [
                'class' => 'form-group col-md-6',
            ],
        ],
        [
            'name' => 'unit',
            'label' => 'U.M.',
            'type' => 'text',
            'wrapper' => [
                'class' => 'form-group col-md-1',
            ],
        ],
        [
            'name' => 'quantity',
            'type' => 'number',
            'attributes' => ["step" => "any"],
            'wrapper' => [
                'class' => 'form-group col-md-2',
            ],
        ],
        [
            'name' => 'unit_price',
            'type' => 'number',
            'attributes' => ["step" => "any"],
            'wrapper' => [
                'class' => 'form-group col-md-2',
            ],
        ],
    ],
]);

Backpack will then take care of the creating/updating/deleting of the secondary model, after the "Save" button is clicked on the form.

Delete related entries or fall back to default

Normally, when the admin removes a relationship from the "select", only the relationship gets deleted, not the related entry. But for the hasMany and morphMany relationships, it can also make sense to want to remove the related entry entirely. That's why for those relationships, you can also instruct Backpack to remove the related entry upon saving OR change the foreign key to a default value (fallback).

// Inside ArticleCrudController
CRUD::field([
    'type'          => "relationship",
    'name'          => 'comments',
    // when removed, use fallback_id
    'fallback_id'   => 3, // will relate to the comment with ID "3"
    // when removed, delete the entry
    'force_delete'  => true, // will delete that comment
]);

---

repeatable PRO

Shows a group of inputs to the user, and allows the user to add or remove groups of that kind:

Since v5: repeatable returns an array when the form is submitted instead of the already parsed json. You must cast the repeatable field to ARRAY or JSON in your model.

Clicking on the "New Item" button will add another group with the same subfields (in the example, another Testimonial).

You can use most field types inside the field groups, add as many subfields you need, and change their width using wrapper like you would do outside the repeatable field. But please note that:

• all subfields defined inside a field group need to have their definition valid and complete; you can't use shorthands, you shouldn't assume fields will guess attributes for you;
• some field types do not make sense as subfields inside repeatable (for example, relationship fields might not make sense; they will work if the relationship is defined on the main model, but upon save the selected entries will NOT be saved as relationships, they will be saved as JSON; you can intercept the saving if you want and do whatever you want);
• a few fields make sense, but cannot work inside repeatable (ex: upload, upload_multiple); see the notes inside the PR for more details, and a complete list of the fields; the few fields that do not work inside repeatable have sensible alternatives;
• VALIDATION: you can validate subfields the same way you validate nested arrays in Laravel Eg: testimonial.*.name => 'required'
• FIELD USAGE AND RELATIONSHIPS: note that it's not possible to use a repeatable field inside other repeatable field. Relationships that use subfields are under the hood repeatable fields, so the relationship subfields cannot include other repeatable field.

CRUD::field([   // repeatable
    'name'  => 'testimonials',
    'label' => 'Testimonials',
    'type'  => 'repeatable',
    'subfields' => [ // also works as: "fields"
        [
            'name'    => 'name',
            'type'    => 'text',
            'label'   => 'Name',
            'wrapper' => ['class' => 'form-group col-md-4'],
        ],
        [
            'name'    => 'position',
            'type'    => 'text',
            'label'   => 'Position',
            'wrapper' => ['class' => 'form-group col-md-4'],
        ],
        [
            'name'    => 'company',
            'type'    => 'text',
            'label'   => 'Company',
            'wrapper' => ['class' => 'form-group col-md-4'],
        ],
        [
            'name'  => 'quote',
            'type'  => 'ckeditor',
            'label' => 'Quote',
        ],
    ],

    // optional
    'new_item_label'  => 'Add Group', // customize the text of the button
    'init_rows' => 2, // number of empty rows to be initialized, by default 1
    'min_rows' => 2, // minimum rows allowed, when reached the "delete" buttons will be hidden
    'max_rows' => 2, // maximum rows allowed, when reached the "new item" button will be hidden
    // allow reordering?
    'reorder' => false, // hide up&down arrows next to each row (no reordering)
    'reorder' => true, // show up&down arrows next to each row
    'reorder' => 'order', // show arrows AND add a hidden subfield with that name (value gets updated when rows move)
    'reorder' => ['name' => 'order', 'type' => 'number', 'attributes' => ['data-reorder-input' => true]], // show arrows AND add a visible number subfield
]);

---

select2 (1-n relationship) PRO

Works just like the SELECT field, but prettier. Shows a Select2 with the names of the connected entity and let the user select one of them. Your relationships should already be defined on your models as hasOne() or belongsTo().

CRUD::field([  // Select2
   'label'     => "Category",
   'type'      => 'select2',
   'name'      => 'category_id', // the db column for the foreign key

   // optional
   'entity'    => 'category', // the method that defines the relationship in your Model
   'model'     => "App\Models\Category", // foreign key model
   'attribute' => 'name', // foreign key attribute that is shown to user
   'default'   => 2, // set the default value of the select2

    // also optional
   'options'   => (function ($query) {
        return $query->orderBy('name', 'ASC')->where('depth', 1)->get();
    }), // force the related options to be a custom query, instead of all(); you can use this to filter the results show in the select
]);

For more information about the optional attributes that fields use when they interact with related entries - look here.

Input preview:

---

select2_multiple (n-n relationship) PRO

[Works just like the SELECT field, but prettier]

Shows a Select2 with the names of the connected entity and let the user select any number of them. Your relationship should already be defined on your models as belongsToMany().

CRUD::field([    // Select2Multiple = n-n relationship (with pivot table)
     'label'     => "Tags",
     'type'      => 'select2_multiple',
     'name'      => 'tags', // the method that defines the relationship in your Model

     // optional
     'entity'    => 'tags', // the method that defines the relationship in your Model
     'model'     => "App\Models\Tag", // foreign key model
     'attribute' => 'name', // foreign key attribute that is shown to user
     'pivot'     => true, // on create&update, do you need to add/delete pivot table entries?
     // 'select_all' => true, // show Select All and Clear buttons?

     // optional
     'options'   => (function ($query) {
         return $query->orderBy('name', 'ASC')->where('depth', 1)->get();
     }), // force the related options to be a custom query, instead of all(); you can use this to filter the results show in the select
]);

For more information about the optional attributes that fields use when they interact with related entries - look here.

Input preview:

---

select2_nested PRO

Display a select2 with the values ordered hierarchically and indented, for an entity where you use Reorder. Please mind that the connected model needs:

• a children() relationship pointing to itself;
• the usual lft, rgt, depth attributes;

CRUD::field([   // select2_nested
    'name'      => 'category_id',
    'label'     => "Category",
    'type'      => 'select2_nested',
    'entity'    => 'category', // the method that defines the relationship in your Model
    'attribute' => 'name', // foreign key attribute that is shown to user

    // optional
    'model'     => "App\Models\Category", // force foreign key model
]);

For more information about the optional attributes that fields use when they interact with related entries - look here.

Input preview:

---

select2_grouped PRO

Display a select2 where the options are grouped by a second entity (like Categories).

CRUD::field([   // select2_grouped
    'label'     => 'Articles grouped by categories',
    'type'      => 'select2_grouped', //https://github.com/Laravel-Backpack/CRUD/issues/502
    'name'      => 'article_id',
    'entity'    => 'article', // the method that defines the relationship in your Model
    'attribute' => 'title',
    'group_by'  => 'category', // the relationship to entity you want to use for grouping
    'group_by_attribute' => 'name', // the attribute on related model, that you want shown
    'group_by_relationship_back' => 'articles', // relationship from related model back to this model
]);

For more information about the optional attributes that fields use when they interact with related entries - look here.

Input preview:

---

select_and_order PRO

Display items on two columns and let the user drag&drop between them to choose which items are selected and which are not, and reorder the selected items with drag&drop.

Its definition is exactly as select_from_array, but the value will be stored as JSON in the database: ["3","5","7","6"], so it needs the attribute to be cast to array on the Model:

protected $casts = [
    'featured' => 'array'
];

Definition:

CRUD::field([   // select_and_order
    'name'  => 'featured',
    'label' => "Featured",
    'type'  => 'select_and_order',
    'options' => [
        1 => "Option 1",
        2 => "Option 2"
    ]
]);

Also possible:

CRUD::field([   // select_and_order
    'name'    => 'featured',
    'label'   => 'Featured',
    'type'    => 'select_and_order',
    'options' => Product::get()->pluck('title','id')->toArray(),
]);

Input preview:

---

select2_from_array PRO

Display a select2 with the values you want:

CRUD::field([   // select2_from_array
    'name'        => 'template',
    'label'       => "Template",
    'type'        => 'select2_from_array',
    'options'     => ['one' => 'One', 'two' => 'Two'],
    'allows_null' => false,
    'default'     => 'one',
    // 'allows_multiple' => true, // OPTIONAL; needs you to cast this to array in your model;
]);

Input preview:

---

select2_from_ajax PRO

Display a select2 that takes its values from an AJAX call.

CRUD::field([   // 1-n relationship
    'label'       => "End", // Table column heading
    'type'        => "select2_from_ajax",
    'name'        => 'category_id', // the column that contains the ID of that connected entity
    'entity'      => 'category', // the method that defines the relationship in your Model
    'attribute'   => "name", // foreign key attribute that is shown to user
    'data_source' => url("api/category"), // url to controller search function (with /{id} should return model)

    // OPTIONAL
    // 'delay'                   => 500, // the minimum amount of time between ajax requests when searching in the field
    // 'placeholder'             => "Select a category", // placeholder for the select
    // 'minimum_input_length'    => 2, // minimum characters to type before querying results
    // 'model'                   => "App\Models\Category", // foreign key model
    // 'dependencies'            => ['category'], // when a dependency changes, this select2 is reset to null
    // 'method'                  => 'POST', // optional - HTTP method to use for the AJAX call (GET, POST)
    // 'include_all_form_fields' => false, // optional - only send the current field through AJAX (for a smaller payload if you're not using multiple chained select2s)
]);

For more information about the optional attributes that fields use when they interact with related entries - look here.

Of course, you also need to create make the data_source above respond to AJAX calls. You can use the FetchOperation to quickly do that in your current CrudController, or you can set up your custom API by creating a custom Route and Controller. Here's an example:

Route::post('/api/category', 'Api\CategoryController@index');

<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers\Api;

use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
use Backpack\NewsCRUD\app\Models\Category;

class CategoryController extends Controller
{
    public function index(Request $request)
    {
        $search_term = $request->input('q');

        if ($search_term)
        {
            $results = Category::where('name', 'LIKE', '%'.$search_term.'%')->paginate(10);
        }
        else
        {
            $results = Category::paginate(10);
        }

        return $results;
    }
}

Note: If you want to also make this field work inside repeatable too, your API endpoint will also need to respond to the keys parameter, with the actual items that have those keys. For example:

        if ($request->has('keys')) {
            return Category::findMany($request->input('keys'));
        }

Input preview:

---

select2_from_ajax_multiple PRO

Display a select2 that takes its values from an AJAX call. Same as select2_from_ajax above, but allows for multiple items to be selected. The only difference in the field definition is the "pivot" attribute.

CRUD::field([   // n-n relationship
    'label'       => "Cities", // Table column heading
    'type'        => "select2_from_ajax_multiple",
    'name'        => 'cities', // a unique identifier (usually the method that defines the relationship in your Model)
    'entity'      => 'cities', // the method that defines the relationship in your Model
    'attribute'   => "name", // foreign key attribute that is shown to user
    'data_source' => url("api/city"), // url to controller search function (with /{id} should return model)
    'pivot'       => true, // on create&update, do you need to add/delete pivot table entries?

    // OPTIONAL
    'delay'                      => 500, // the minimum amount of time between ajax requests when searching in the field
    'model'                      => "App\Models\City", // foreign key model
    'placeholder'                => "Select a city", // placeholder for the select
    'minimum_input_length'       => 2, // minimum characters to type before querying results
    // 'method'                  => 'POST', // optional - HTTP method to use for the AJAX call (GET, POST)
    // 'include_all_form_fields' => false, // optional - only send the current field through AJAX (for a smaller payload if you're not using multiple chained select2s)
]);

For more information about the optional attributes that fields use when they interact with related entries - look here.

Of course, you also need to create a controller and routes for the data_source above. Here's an example:

Route::post('/api/city', 'Api\CityController@index');
Route::post('/api/city/{id}', 'Api\CityController@show');

<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers\Api;

use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
use App\Models\City;

class CityController extends Controller
{
    public function index(Request $request)
    {
        $search_term = $request->input('q');
        $page = $request->input('page');

        if ($search_term)
        {
            $results = City::where('name', 'LIKE', '%'.$search_term.'%')->paginate(10);
        }
        else
        {
            $results = City::paginate(10);
        }

        return $results;
    }

    public function show($id)
    {
        return City::find($id);
    }
}

Input preview:

Note: If you want to also make this field work inside repeatable too, your API endpoint will also need to respond to the keys parameter, with the actual items that have those keys. For example:

        if ($request->has('keys')) {
            return City::findMany($request->input('keys'));
        }

---

slug PRO

Track the value of a different text input and turn it into a valid URL segment (aka. slug), as you type, using Javascript. Under the hood it uses slugify to generate the slug with some sensible defaults.

CRUD::field([   // Text
    'name'  => 'slug',
    'target'  => 'title', // will turn the title input into a slug
    'label' => "Slug",
    'type'  => 'slug',

    // optional
    'locale' => 'pt', // locale to use, defaults to app()->getLocale()
    'separator' => '', // separator to use
    'trim' => true, // trim whitespace
    'lower' => true, // convert to lowercase
    'strict' => true, // strip special characters except replacement
    'remove' => '/[*+~.()!:@]/g', // remove characters to match regex, defaults to null
    ]);

Input preview:

By default, it will also slugify when the target input is edited. If you want to stop that behaviour, you can do that by removing the target on your edit operation. For example:

    protected function setupUpdateOperation()
    {
        $this->setupCreateOperation();

        // disable editing the slug when editing
        CRUD::field('slug')->target('')->attributes(['readonly' => 'readonly']);
    }

---

table PRO

Show a table with multiple inputs per row and store the values as JSON array of objects in the database. The user can add more rows and reorder the rows as they please.

CRUD::field([   // Table
    'name'            => 'options',
    'label'           => 'Options',
    'type'            => 'table',
    'entity_singular' => 'option', // used on the "Add X" button
    'columns'         => [
        'name'  => 'Name',
        'desc'  => 'Description',
        'price' => 'Price'
    ],
    'max' => 5, // maximum rows allowed in the table
    'min' => 0, // minimum rows allowed in the table
]);

It's highly recommended that you use attribute casting on your model when working with JSON arrays stored in database columns, and cast this attribute to either object or array in your Model.

Using the table in a repeatable field

When using this field in a repeatable field as subfield, you need to take ensure this field is not double encoded. For that you can overwrite the store and update methods in your CrudController. Here's an example:

use \Backpack\CRUD\app\Http\Controllers\Operations\CreateOperation {
        store as traitStore;
}
use \Backpack\CRUD\app\Http\Controllers\Operations\UpdateOperation {
    update as traitUpdate;
}

public function update($id)
{
    $this->decodeTableFieldsFromRequest();
    return $this->traitUpdate($id);
}

public function store()
{
    $this->decodeTableFieldsFromRequest();
    return $this->traitStore();
}

private function decodeTableFieldsFromRequest()
{
    $request = $this->crud->getRequest();
    $repeatable = $request->get('repeatable'); // change to your repeatable field name

    if(is_array($repeatable)) {
        array_map(function($item) {
            $item['table_field_name'] = json_decode($item['table_field_name'] ?? '', true); // change to your table field name
            return $item;
        }, $repeatable);
    }
    $request->request->set('repeatable', $repeatable); // change to your repeatable field name
    $this->crud->setRequest($request);
}

Input preview:

---

tinymce PRO

Show a wysiwyg (TinyMCE) to the user.

CRUD::field([   // TinyMCE
    'name'  => 'description',
    'label' => 'Description',
    'type'  => 'tinymce',
    // optional overwrite of the configuration array
    // 'options' => [
        //'selector' => 'textarea.tinymce',
        //'skin' => 'dick-light',
        //'plugins' => 'image link media anchor'
    // ],
]);

Input preview:

NOTE: if you want to modify the toolbar buttons (add or remove), here is the default configured toolbar so you can modify it:

'options' => ['toolbar' => 'undo redo | styleselect | bold italic | alignleft aligncenter alignright alignjustify | outdent indent'],

Some buttons are related to specific plugins and need them to work, please read more about it here: tiny mce available toolbar buttons

---

video PRO

Allow the user to paste a YouTube/Vimeo link. That will get the video information with JavaScript and store it as a JSON in the database.

Field definition:

CRUD::field([   // URL
    'name'            => 'video',
    'label'           => 'Link to video file on YouTube or Vimeo',
    'type'            => 'video',
    'youtube_api_key' => 'AIzaSycLRoVwovRmbIf_BH3X12IcTCudAErRlCE',
]);

An entry stored in the database will look like this:

$video = {
    id: 234324,
    title: 'my video title',
    image: 'https://provider.com/image.jpg',
    url: 'http://provider.com/video',
    provider: 'youtube'
}

So you should use attribute casting in your model, to cast the video as array or object.

Vimeo does not require an API key in order to query their DB, but YouTube does, even though their free quota is generous. You can get a free YouTube API Key inside Google Developers Console (video tutorial here). Please DO NOT use our API Key - create your own. The key above is there just for your convenience, to easily try out the field. As soon as you decide to use this field type, create an API Key and use your API Key. Our key hits its ceiling every month, so if you use our key most of the time it won't work.

---

wysiwyg PRO

Show a wysiwyg (CKEditor) to the user.

CRUD::field([   // WYSIWYG Editor
    'name'  => 'description',
    'label' => 'Description',
    'type'  => 'wysiwyg'
]);

Overwriting Default Field Types

The actual field types are stored in the Backpack/CRUD package in /resources/views/fields. If you need to change an existing field, you don't need to modify the package, you just need to add a blade file in your application in /resources/views/vendor/backpack/crud/fields, with the same name. The package checks there first, and only if there's no file there, will it load it from the package.

To quickly publish a field blade file in your project, you can use php artisan backpack:field --from=field_name. For example, to publish the number field type, you'd type php artisan backpack:field --from=number

Please keep in mind that if you're using your file for a field type, you're not using the package file. So any updates we push to that file, you're not getting them. In most cases, it's recommended you create a custom field type for your use case, instead of overwriting default field types.

Creating a Custom Field Type

If you need to extend the CRUD with a new field type, you create a new file in your application in /resources/views/vendor/backpack/crud/fields. Use a name that's different from all default field types.

// to create one using Backpack\Generators, run:
php artisan backpack:field new_field_name

// alternatively, to create a new field similar an existing field, run:
php artisan backpack:field new_field_name --from=old_field_name

That's it, you'll now be able to use it just like a default field type.

Your field definition will be something like:

CRUD::field([   // Custom Field
    'name'  => 'address',
    'label' => 'Home address',
    'type'  => 'address'
    /// 'view_namespace' => 'yourpackage' // use a custom namespace of your package to load views within a custom view folder.
]);

And your blade file something like:

<!-- field_type_name -->
@include('crud::fields.inc.wrapper_start')
    <label>{!! $field['label'] !!}</label>
    <input
        type="text"
        name="{{ $field['name'] }}"
        value="{{ old($field['name']) ? old($field['name']) : (isset($field['value']) ? $field['value'] : (isset($field['default']) ? $field['default'] : '' )) }}"
        @include('crud::fields.inc.attributes')
    >

    {{-- HINT --}}
    @if (isset($field['hint']))
        <p class="help-block">{!! $field['hint'] !!}</p>
    @endif
@include('crud::fields.inc.wrapper_end')

{{-- FIELD EXTRA CSS  --}}
{{-- push things in the after_styles section --}}
@push('crud_fields_styles')
    <!-- @basset('public_path_to_file') -->
    <!-- @basset(base_path('path_to_file')) -->
@endpush

{{-- FIELD EXTRA JS --}}
{{-- push things in the after_scripts section --}}
@push('crud_fields_scripts')
    <!-- @basset('public_path_to_file') -->
    <!-- @basset(base_path('path_to_file')) -->
@endpush

Inside your custom field type, you can use these variables:

• $crud - all the CRUD Panel settings, options and variables;
• $entry - in the Update operation, the current entry being modified (the actual values);
• $field - all attributes that have been passed for this field;

If your field type uses JavaScript, we recommend you:

• put a data-init-function="bpFieldInitMyCustomField" attribute on your input;
• place your logic inside the scripts section mentioned above, inside function bpFieldInitMyCustomField(element) {}; of course, you choose the name of the function but it has to match whatever you specified as data attribute on the input, and it has to be pretty unique; inside this method, you'll find that element is jQuery-wrapped object of the element where you specified data-init-function; this should be enough for you to not have to use IDs, or any other tricks, to determine other elements inside the DOM - determine them in relation to the main element; if you want, you can choose to put the data-init-function attribute on a different element, like the wrapping div;

---

Advanced Fields Use

Manipulating Fields with JavaScript

When you need to add custom interactions (if field is X then do Y), we have just the thing for you. You can easily add custom interactions, using our CrudField JavaScript API. It's already loaded on our Create / Update pages, in the global crud object, and it makes it dead-simple to select a field - crud.field('title') - using a syntax that's very familiar to our PHP syntax, then do the most common things on it.

For more information, please see the dedicated page about our CrudField Javascript API.

Adding new methods to the CrudField class

You can add your own methods Backpack CRUD fields, so that you can do CRUD::field('name')->customThing(). You can easily do that, because the CrudField class is Macroable. It's as easy as this:

use Backpack\CRUD\app\Library\CrudPanel\CrudField;

// register media upload macros on CRUD fields
if (! CrudField::hasMacro('customThing')) {
    CrudField::macro('customThing', function ($firstParamExample = [], $secondParamExample = null) {
        /** @var CrudField $this */

        // TODO: do anything you want to $this

        return $this;
    });
}

A good place to do this would be in your AppServiceProvider, in a custom service provider. That way you have it across all your CRUD panels.