Edit

2. CRUD Operations

Duration: 10 minutes

Let's bring back the example in our first lesson. The Tags CRUD:

Tag CRUD - List Entries Operation

With its TagCrudController:

<?php namespace App\Http\Controllers\Admin;

use Backpack\CRUD\app\Http\Controllers\CrudController;
use App\Http\Requests\TagCrudRequest;

class TagCrudController extends CrudController {

  use \Backpack\CRUD\app\Http\Controllers\Operations\ListOperation;
  use \Backpack\CRUD\app\Http\Controllers\Operations\ShowOperation;
  use \Backpack\CRUD\app\Http\Controllers\Operations\CreateOperation;
  use \Backpack\CRUD\app\Http\Controllers\Operations\UpdateOperation;
  use \Backpack\CRUD\app\Http\Controllers\Operations\DeleteOperation;

  public function setup() 
  {
      $this->crud->setModel("App\Models\Tag");
      $this->crud->setRoute("admin/tag");
      $this->crud->setEntityNameStrings('tag', 'tags');
  }

  public function setupListOperation()
  {
      $this->crud->setColumns(['name', 'slug']);
  }

  public function setupCreateOperation()
  {
      $this->crud->setValidation(TagCrudRequest::class);

      $this->crud->addField([
        'name' => 'name',
        'type' => 'text',
        'label' => "Tag name"
      ]);
      $this->crud->addField([
        'name' => 'slug',
        'type' => 'text',
        'label' => "URL Segment (slug)"
      ]);
  }

  public function setupUpdateOperation()
  {
      $this->setupCreateOperation();
  }
}

In the example above, we've enabled the most common operations:

Create - using a create form (aka "add form")
List - using AJAX DataTables (aka "list view", aka "table view")
Update - using an update form (aka "edit form")
Delete - using a button in the list view
Show - using a button in the list view

These are the basic operations an admin can execute on an Eloquent model, thanks to Backpack. We do have additional operations (Reorder, Revisions, Clone, BulkDelete, BulkClone), and you can easily create a custom operation, but let's not get ahead of ourselves. Baby steps. Let's go through the most important features of the operations you'll be using all the time: ListEntries, Create and Update.

Create & Update Operations

Tag CRUD - Edit Operation

Fields

Inside your Controller's setupCreateOperation() or setupUpdateOperation() method, you'll be able to define what fields you want the admin to see, when creating/updating entries. In the example above, we only have two fields, both using the text field type. So that's what's shown to the admin. When the admin presses Save, assuming your model has those two attributes as $fillable, Backpack will save the entry and take you back to the ListEntries view. Keep in mind we're using a pure Eloquent model. So of course, inside the model you could use accessors, mutators, events, etc.

But a lot of times, you won't just need text inputs. You'll need datepickers, upload buttons, 1-n relationship, n-n relationships, textareas, etc. For each field, you only need to define it properly in the Controller. Here are the most used methods to manipulate fields:

$this->crud->addField($field_definition_array);
$this->crud->addFields([$field_definition_array_1, $field_definition_array_2]);
$this->crud->removeField('name');
$this->crud->removeFields(['name_1', 'name_2']);

// pro tip:
// a quick way to add simple fields: let the CRUD decide what field type it is
$this->crud->addField('db_column_name');

A typical field definition array will need at least three things:

name - the attribute (column in the database), which will also become the name of the input;
type - the kind of field we'd like to use (text, number, select2, etc);
label - the human-readable label for the input (will be generated from name if not given);

You can use one of the 44+ field types we've provided, or easily create a custom field type if you have some super-specific need that we haven't covered yet, or even overwrite how a field type works. Take a few minutes and browse the 44+ field types, to understand how the definition array differs from one to another and how many use cases you have already covered.

Let's take another example, slightly more complicated than the text fields we used above. Something you'll encounter all the time is relationship fields. So let's say the Tag model has an n-n relationship with an Article model:

    public function articles()
    {
        return $this->belongsToMany('App\Models\Article', 'article_tag');
    }

We could use the code below to add a select2_multiple field to the Tag update forms:

$this->crud->addField([
    'type' => 'select2_multiple',
    'name' => 'articles', // the relationship name in your Model
    'entity' => 'articles', // the relationship name in your Model
    'attribute' => 'title', // attribute on Article that is shown to admin
    'pivot' => true, // on create&update, do you need to add/delete pivot table entries?
]);

Notes:

If we call this inside setupUpdateOperation() it will only be added on that operation;
Because we haven't specified a label, Backpack will take the "articles" name and turn it into a label: "Articles";

If we had an Articles CRUD, and the reverse relationship defined on the Article model too, we could also add a select2_multiple field in the Article CRUD, to allow the admin to choose which tags apply to each article. This actually makes more sense than the above :-)

$this->crud->addField([
    'label' => "Tags",
    'type' => 'select2_multiple',
    'name' => 'tags', // the method that defines the relationship in your Model
    'entity' => 'tags', // the method that defines the relationship in your Model
    'attribute' => 'name', // foreign key attribute that is shown to user
    'pivot' => true, // on create&update, do you need to add/delete pivot table entries?
]);

When generating a CrudController, you might be using the $this->crud->setFromDb(); method by default, which tries to figure out what fields you might need in your create/update forms and what columns in your list view, but - as you'd expect - it only works for the simple field types. You can:

(1) choose to keep using setFromDb() and add/remove/change additional fields

or

(2) delete setFromDb() and manually define each field and column;

Our recommendation, for anything but the simplest CRUDs, is to manually define each field - much easier to understand and customize, for your future self and any other developer that comes after you.

Callbacks

Developers coming from GroceryCRUD on CodeIgniter or other CRUD systems will be looking for callbacks to run before_insert, before_update, after_insert, after_update. There are no callbacks in Backpack. The store() and update() code is inside a trait, so you can easily overwrite that method, and call it inside your new method. For example, here's how we can do things before/after an item is saved in the Create operation:

<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers\Admin;

use Backpack\CRUD\app\Http\Controllers\CrudController;

class ProductCrudController extends CrudController
{
    use \Backpack\CRUD\app\Http\Controllers\Operations\CreateOperation { store as traitStore; }

    // ...

    public function store()
    {
      // do something before validation, before save, before everything
      $response = $this->traitStore();
      // do something after save
      return $response;
    }
}

But before you do that, ask yourself - is this something that should be done when an entry is added/updated/deleted from the application, too? Not just the admin panel? If so, a better place for it would be the Model. Remember your Model is a pure Eloquent Model, so the cleanest way might be to use Eloquent Event Observers or accessors and mutators.

List Operation

List shows the admin a table with all entries. On the front-end, the information is pulled using AJAX calls, and shown using DataTables. It's the most feature-packed operation in Backpack, but right now we're just going through the most important features you need to know about: columns, filters and buttons.

You should configure the List operation inside the setupListOperation() method.

Columns

Columns help you specify which attributes are shown in the table and in which order. Their syntax is super-similar to fields:

$this->crud->addColumn($column_definition_array); // add a single column, at the end of the table
$this->crud->addColumns([$column_definition_array_1, $column_definition_array_2]); // add multiple columns, at the end of the table
$this->crud->removeColumn('column_name'); // remove a column from the table
$this->crud->removeColumns(['column_name_1', 'column_name_2']); // remove an array of columns from the table
$this->crud->setColumnDetails('column_name', ['attribute' => 'value']);
$this->crud->setColumnsDetails(['column_1', 'column_2'], ['attribute' => 'value']);

$this->crud->setColumns([$column_definition_array_1, $column_definition_array_2]); // make these the only columns in the table

You can use one of the 14+ column types to show information to the user in the table, or easily create a custom column type, if you have a super-specific need. Here's an example of using the methods above:

$this->crud->addColumn([
    'name' => 'published_at',
    'type' => 'date',
    'label' => 'Publish_date',
]);

// PRO TIP: to quickly add a text column, just pass the name string instead of an array
$this->crud->addColumn('text'); // adds a text column, at the end of the stack

Filters

Monster CRUD - List Entries Filters

Filters provide an easy way for the admin to well… filter the ListEntries table. The syntax is very similar to Fields and Columns and you can use one of the existing 8 filter types or easily create a custom filter.

$this->crud->addFilter($options, $values, $filter_logic);
$this->crud->removeFilter($name);
$this->crud->removeAllFilters();

For more on this, check out the filters documentation page, when you need them.

Buttons

Tag CRUD - List Entries Buttons

If you want to add a custom button to an entry, you can do that. If you want to remove a button, you can also do that. Look for the buttons documentation when you need it.

// positions: 'beginning' and 'end'
// stacks: 'line', 'top', 'bottom'
// types: view, model_function
$this->crud->addButton($stack, $name, $type, $content, $position);
$this->crud->removeButton($name);
$this->crud->removeButtonFromStack($name, $stack);

That's it for today! Thanks for sticking with us this long. This has been the most important and longest lesson. You can go ahead and install Backpack now, as you've already gone through the most important features. Or read the next lesson, about advanced features.

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